July 1998
- Elven Language List J C Lawrence
- Summary: "Influence Mapping" J C Lawrence
- 1997 CGDC AI Roundtable Moderator's Report J C Lawrence
- 1997 CGDC AI Roundtable Moderator's Report J C Lawrence
- Summary: Recognizing Strategic Dispositions J C Lawrence
- Back to the Future (was WIRED: Kilers have more fun) Mike Sellers
- Back to the Future (was WIRED: Kilers havemore fun) Koster, Raph
- Back to the Future (was WIRED: Kilers have more fun) J C Lawrence
- Back to the Future (was WIRED: Kilers have more fun) S. Patrick Gallaty
- Back to the Future (was WIRED: Kilers have more fun) J C Lawrence
- Help Request On Creating MUD Strahd Von ZAROVICH
- Help Request On Creating MUD Jon Leonard
- Help Request On Creating MUD J C Lawrence
- Help Request On Creating MUD J C Lawrence
- Help Request On Creating MUD J C Lawrence
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Chris Gray
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Adam Wiggins
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun J C Lawrence
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Koster, Raph
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Jon A. Lambert
- [RELEASED] Update release of ScryMUD (Accepting builders) Ben Greear
- Meta (Are code release announcement appreciated?) Ben Greear
- Meta (Are code release announcement appreciated?) Nathan F Yospe
- Meta (Are code release announcement appreciated?) J C Lawrence
- Ubiquity Scope & Requirements Greg Munt
- Ubiquity Scope & Requirements Vadim Tkachenko
- Ubiquity Scope & Requirements Greg Munt
- Ubiquity Scope & Requirements Chris Gray
- Ubiquity Scope & Requirements Vadim Tkachenko
- IMatix Tools: Libero and SMT J C Lawrence
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Till Eulenspiegel
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Marian Griffith
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Adam Wiggins
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Marian Griffith
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Orion Henry
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) J C Lawrence
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Marian Griffith
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Marian Griffith
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Adam Wiggins
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Marian Griffith
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Adam Wiggins
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Marian Griffith
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Maddy
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) cat
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) S. Patrick Gallaty
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) Dan Shiovitz
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) J C Lawrence
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) S. Patrick Gallaty
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) Marian Griffith
- SMAP: Small Application's Persistency, C++ Library J C Lawrence
- Development of a Smart Compiler J C Lawrence
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposal (with apologies to J. Swift) J C Lawrence
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposal (with apologies to J. Swift) Chris Gray
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Petri Virkkula
- An Introduction Jeroen Ruigrok/Asmodai
- An Introduction Chris Gray
- An Introduction Jeroen Ruigrok/Asmodai
- An Introduction J C Lawrence
- An Introduction Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- An Introduction J C Lawrence
- An Introduction Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- An Introduction Chris Gray
- An Introduction Jeroen Ruigrok/Asmodai
- An Introduction Ross Nicoll
- An Introduction Chris Gray
- An Introduction Chris Gray
- An Introduction Ross Nicoll
- An Introduction J C Lawrence
- An Introduction Caliban Tiresias Darklock
On 05:09 PM 7/23/98 -0700, I personally witnessed J C Lawrence jumping up
to say:
>On Wed, 08 Jul 1998 06:44:01 +0200
>Asmodai <Jeroen> wrote:
>
>> Also, which books are recommended to start with network programming,
>> preferably TCP/IP based and for C/C++.
>
>I like the Steven's TCP/IP books, but also hear good things about
>Comer's (which I haven't looked at in detail).
In the defense industry, many of my colleagues believed you could spot the
real professional network programmers by which of these series they had on
the shelf. The competent professional had Comer. The expert professional
had Stevens. (The impostor had Stevens on the shelf and Comer in a drawer;
you could spot an impostor by opening his Stevens volume to see if the
binding cracked. Impostors are also known to subscribe to technical
magazines they don't read just so they can leave them lying around on their
desk.) In addition, the more worn and tattered the book was, the harder the
developer worked. Ideally, you would hire a developer who had two copies of
Stevens; one falling apart and unreadable, the other well-worn. That
generally indicated someone who not only worked his tail off, but was
emotionally attached to his first copy of Stevens, which marked him as a
true network hacker.
Use of the male pronoun above is not to be construed as restrictive, and I
make no claims as to the validity of the generalisation detailed above.
From my own perspective, Stevens' books are based strongly on theory and
real understanding of the protocols and architecture, while Comer's are
more pegged toward real application and development. I would venture to say
that if you want to be writing code fast, go with Comer, but if you want to
really understand what you're doing (and you can handle the deep magic) go
with Stevens.
Definitely get Stevens at some point, because while you'll eventually
outgrow Comer... no one outgrows Stevens. "TCP/IP Illustrated" is one of
those series everyone OUGHT to have, but not enough people do. I consider
him about as essential as Knuth.
>On the C/C++ side it really depends on where you are coming from. I
>start with K&R for C and went straight to Strousup for C++ (not a
>generally recommended route), so can't comment terribly well there --
>tho I do like Pohl's C++ books.
I've been highly impressed with Jesse Liberty ("Teach Yourself C++ in 21
Days", Sams press). He's got a knack for taking complex ideas and
presenting them in easy-to-understand ways, and if you read his more
advanced books it becomes very evident that this guy isn't just some
halfwit programming wannabe that thought he'd write a book (which is the
sort of impression I get from Kris Jamsa, for example)... he's a serious
developer. "Clouds to Code" was particularly inspirational, and virtually
peerless in terms of subject matter. - An Introduction Adam J. Thornton
- An Introduction J C Lawrence
- An Introduction Adam J. Thornton
- An Introduction Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- An Introduction Koster, Raph
- An Introduction Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- An Introduction Ilya, Game Commandos
- An Introduction Matthew Mihaly
- An Introduction Koster, Raph
- An Introduction Jon A. Lambert
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposal (with apologies to J. Swift) Richard Bartle
- Summary: The Game Design Mailing List "Learning AI" Thread J C Lawrence
- Summary: The "Extensible Game AI" thread J C Lawrence
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposa Michael.Willey@abnamro.com
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposa Adam Wiggins
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposa Ross Nicoll
- OT: Computer History Archive Holly Sommer
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposal (with apologies to J. Swift) Chris Gray
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Jon A. Lambert
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Matt Chatterley
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Adam Wiggins
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Dan Shiovitz
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Adam Wiggins
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Shawn Halpenny
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Adam Wiggins
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Travis S. Casey
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Katrina McClelan
- Massive brainstorm rant about an imaginary class system. (resent) Till Eulenspiegel
- PRNGs: Pseudo Random Number Generators J C Lawrence
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposa Richard Bartle
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposa Adam J. Thornton
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Michael.Willey@abnamro.com
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Todd Lair
- MapMaker S. Patrick Gallaty
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposa Chris Gray
- My "mud" server, A.T.O.M. and the coming design notes Mike L Kesl
- Output Classification Notes, version 061098 Mike L Kesl
- Output Classification Notes, version 061098 CJones@aagis.com
- Output Classification Notes, version 061098 J C Lawrence
- Output Classification Notes, version 061098 Vadim Tkachenko
- Output Classification Notes, version 061098 Ben Greear
- Output Classification Notes, version 061098 Chris Gray
- Output Classification Notes, version 061098 J C Lawrence
- Universe Design Notes, version 061098 Mike L Kesl
- Universe Design Notes, version 061098 Chris Gray
- Universe Design Notes, version 061098 Mike L Kesl
- Universe Design Notes, version 061098 J C Lawrence
- Universe Design Notes, version 061098 s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- World Creation Notes, version 061098 Mike L Kesl
- World Creation Notes, version 061098 Chris Gray
- World Creation Notes, version 061098 Mike L Kesl
- World Creation Notes, version 061098 J C Lawrence
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposa Richard Bartle
- Alternate UOL's J C Lawrence
- Alternate UOL's S. Patrick Gallaty
- Alternate UOL's Felix A. Croes
- Alternate UOL's Jason Goodwin
- Alternate UOL's Ben Greear
- Alternate UOL's Felix A. Croes
- Alternate UOL's J C Lawrence
- Alternate UOL's D. B. Brown
- Alternate UOL's Adam Wiggins
- Alternate UOL's Koster, Raph
- Alternate UOL's D. B. Brown
- Alternate UOL's Koster, Raph
- Alternate UOL's Nathan F Yospe
- Alternate UOL's Damion Schubert
- Alternate UOL's Damion Schubert
- Alternate UOL's J C Lawrence
- Alternate UOL's Adam J. Thornton
- Support for remote NPCs Joel Kelso
- Support for remote NPCs Nathan F Yospe
- Affordances and social method Jon A. Lambert
- Affordances and social method Marian Griffith
- Affordances and social method Jon A. Lambert
- Affordances and social method Marian Griffith
- Affordances and social method J C Lawrence
- [Fwd: brainstormer] Richard Woolcock
- Physics Lesson John Bertoglio
- Physics Lesson Mike Sellers
- Physics Lesson Ling
- (fwd) command parsers: a modest proposa Chris Gray
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) Chris Gray
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) Adam Wiggins
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) S. Patrick Gallaty
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) Koster, Raph
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wired Magazine...) Damion Schubert
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) J C Lawrence
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wire d Magazine...) J C Lawrence
- META: MUD-Dev is a NewHoo "Cool Site" J C Lawrence
- Biomass project Joel Kelso
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Koster, Raph
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Dr. Cat
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Koster, Raph
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Dr. Cat
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi J C Lawrence
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Jon A. Lambert
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Jon A. Lambert
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi J C Lawrence
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Holly Sommer
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi quzah
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi J C Lawrence
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Dan Shiovitz
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi T. Alexander Popiel
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Jon A. Lambert
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Dan Shiovitz
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Hans-Henrik Staerfeldt
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- Affordances and social method (Was: Wi J C Lawrence
- Affordances and social method (Was: Re:Wired Ma gazine...) Koster, Raph
- Affordances and social method (Was: Re:Wire Michael.Willey@abnamro.com
- Amit's Games Programming Page Ling
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Holly Sommer
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Adam Wiggins
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Holly Sommer
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Adam Wiggins
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Matthew R. Sheahan
- You think users won't number crunch and statis Damion Schubert
- You think users won't number crunch... Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- [OT] Private emails Richard Woolcock
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question Vadim Tkachenko
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question Chris Gray
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question Vadim Tkachenko
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question Ben Greear
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question Vadim Tkachenko
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question J C Lawrence
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question J C Lawrence
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question Chris Gray
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question Vadim Tkachenko
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question J C Lawrence
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question Vadim Tkachenko
- [Java] multithreading: update and a question Nathan F Yospe
- [CODE RELEASE] ScryMUD, and the Hegemon Client 1.4.3 (minor release) Ben Greear
- [DESIGN] Antagonizing players Ben Greear
- [DESIGN] Antagonizing players quzah
- [DESIGN] Antagonizing players Richard Woolcock
- Job offer for multiplayer game development J C Lawrence
- Job offer for multiplayer game development S. Patrick Gallaty
- Job offer for multiplayer game development Nathan F Yospe
- Job offer for multiplayer game development Spangler, Jason
- Job offer for multiplayer game development Dr. Cat
- Job offer for multiplayer game development J C Lawrence
- Java VM performance J C Lawrence
- UBE/high: Affordances and social method (Was: Wi Dr. Cat
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine Todd Lair
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine Chris Gray
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine Todd Lair
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine oliver@jowett.manawatu.planet.co.nz
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine Oliver Jowett
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine Joel Kelso
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine J C Lawrence
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine Adam Wiggins
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine J C Lawrence
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine Todd Lair
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine J C Lawrence
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine Chris Gray
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine T. Alexander Popiel
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engine Chris Gray
- [CODE] [LANGUAGE/PLATFORM SPECIFIC] My Event Engin Jon A. Lambert
- Scripting Design Notes Mike L Kesl
- Scripting Design Notes Chris Gray
- Scripting Design Notes Vadim Tkachenko
- Scripting Design Notes Jo Dillon
- Scripting Design Notes Chris Gray
- Login and Accounts Mike L Kesl
- Login and Accounts quzah
- Login and Accounts Matt Chatterley
- Login and Accounts Ling
- Login and Accounts Matt Chatterley
- Login and Accounts J C Lawrence
- Design Patterns for Concurrent, Parallel, and Distributed Systems Alex Oren
- DBMS in MU*'s Jeroen Ruigrok/Asmodai
- DBMS in MU*'s Adam J. Thornton
- DBMS in MU*'s Jeroen Ruigrok/Asmodai
- DBMS in MU*'s Adam J. Thornton
- DBMS in MU*'s quzah
- DBMS in MU*'s s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- DBMS in MU*'s quzah
- DBMS in MU*'s Adam J. Thornton
- DBMS in MU*'s Jeroen Ruigrok/Asmodai
- DBMS in MU*'s J C Lawrence
- DBMS in MU*'s quzah@geocities.com
- DBMS in MU*'s Chris Gray
- DBMS in MU*'s The Arrow
- DBMS in MU*'s J C Lawrence
- DBMS in MU*'s Ola Fosheim Grøstad
- DBMS in MU*'s Ross Nicoll
- DBMS in MU*'s Chris Gray
- DBMS in MU*'s s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- DBMS in MU*'s Adam Wiggins
- DBMS in MU*'s J C Lawrence
- DBMS in MU*'s Jon A. Lambert
- DBMS in MU*'s J C Lawrence
- DBMS in MU*'s s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- DBMS in MU*'s Chris Gray
- Network Connectivity Jeroen Ruigrok/Asmodai
- Network Connectivity T. Alexander Popiel
- Network Connectivity Matt Chatterley
- Affordances and social method Hans-Henrik Staerfeldt
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Matthew R. Sheahan
- Overworld Maps on diku style Muds- Design notes Katrina McClelan
- Overworld Maps on diku style Muds- Design notes Richard Woolcock
- Overworld Maps on diku style Muds- Design notes Katrina McClelan
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Chris Gray
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Informix releases free version for Linux J C Lawrence
- Objects (was DBMS in MU*'s) s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- OT: Sid Meier s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- More on Informix Linux release J C Lawrence
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Koster, Raph
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun S. Patrick Gallaty
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Nathan F Yospe
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Leach, Brad BA
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Nathan F Yospe
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Markku Nylander
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Nathan F Yospe
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Adam Wiggins
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Brandon J. Rickman
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Damion Schubert
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Adam Wiggins
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Damion Schubert
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Adam J. Thornton
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Damion Schubert
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Brandon J. Rickman
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Koster, Raph
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Brandon J. Rickman
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] J C Lawrence
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Adam Wiggins
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Damion Schubert
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Adam Wiggins
- Fun vs Realism [ Was: OT: Sid Meier ] Chris Gray
- The Eternal City on The Big Network Mike Sellers
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Marian Griffith
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Chris Gray
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Marian Griffith
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Koster, Raph
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Marian Griffith
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Adam Wiggins
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun J C Lawrence
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun quzah
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Koster, Raph
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Adam Wiggins
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Damion Schubert
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun quzah
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Marian Griffith
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Damion Schubert
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Ben Greear
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Scatter
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Vadim Tkachenko
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Jo Dillon
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Chris Gray
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. S. Patrick Gallaty
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Robert Woods
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. S. Patrick Gallaty
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Katrina McClelan
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. J C Lawrence
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. karp@svconsult.com
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Ben Greear
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Ross Nicoll
- Ansii color, needing some specs and or pointers. Chris Gray
- WIRED: Kilers have more fun Chris Gray
- PANARD VISION -- 3D-Real-Time Portable Engine J C Lawrence
- Affordances and social method Leach, Brad BA
- Affordances and social method S. Patrick Gallaty
- Affordances and social method quzah
- Affordances and social method Leach, Brad BA
- Affordances and social method Robert Woods
- Affordances and social method Orion Henry
- Affordances and social method S. Patrick Gallaty
- Affordances and social method Mike Sellers
- Affordances and social method Joel Kelso
- Affordances and social method Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- Affordances and social method Mike Sellers
- Affordances and social method Jon A. Lambert
- Affordances and social method s001gmu@nova.wright.edu
- Affordances and social method J C Lawrence
- (subject missing) J C Lawrence
- User inventions (was:killers have more...) Ola Fosheim Grøstad
- User inventions (was:killers have more...) Caliban Tiresias Darklock
- User inventions (was:killers have more...) Matt Chatterley
- Unix vs NT and its relation to MUD environments. J C Lawrence